How to check for subsidence
Subsidence is a serious concern for homeowners, as it can cause significant damage to a property. It occurs when the ground beneath the property sinks or shifts, causing the foundations to become unstable. This can result in cracks appearing in the walls, doors and windows no longer fitting properly, and other signs of structural damage.
If you suspect that your property may be experiencing subsidence, it is important to act quickly. The sooner you identify the issue, the better chance you have of minimizing the damage and preventing further problems. This article will outline some key steps you can take to check for subsidence and determine its severity.
One of the first signs of subsidence is the appearance of cracks in the walls, particularly those that are wider than 3mm. These cracks usually appear near windows and doors, and may start off small but can quickly widen and become more serious. Another telltale sign is doors and windows that no longer open or close correctly, as this can indicate that the foundations of the property have shifted.
It’s also important to keep an eye out for any changes in the appearance of the property, such as a leaning chimney or uneven floors. In some cases, subsidence can cause the property to sink unevenly, resulting in sloping or sagging floors. Likewise, a chimney that is leaning to one side can suggest that the foundations have been compromised.
Understanding the signs of subsidence
Subsidence refers to the sinking or settling of the ground, usually as a result of changes in the soil structure beneath a building or structure. This can have serious implications for the stability and safety of the building. It’s important to be able to recognize the signs of subsidence early on, so appropriate measures can be taken to rectify the issue.
The following are some key signs of subsidence:
- Cracks in the walls or ceilings: One of the most common signs of subsidence are cracks that appear suddenly and widen over time. These cracks are often wider than 3mm and wider at the top than the bottom.
- Sticking doors or windows: If doors and windows start becoming difficult to open or close, it could be a result of the ground sinking around the building.
- Uneven floors: Subsidence can cause the floors to become uneven, with one side being lower or higher than the other.
- Jamming windows: Subsidence can also cause windows to become misaligned, leading to them becoming difficult to open and close smoothly.
- Leaning walls: In more severe cases of subsidence, walls can start to tilt or lean, indicating a significant structural issue.
If you notice any of these signs, it’s crucial to seek professional advice from a structural engineer or surveyor. They will be able to assess the situation and recommend the appropriate course of action to fix the subsidence issue.
Checking for cracks in the walls
Cracks in the walls can be an indicator of subsidence and should be carefully examined to determine the extent of the issue. Here are some key steps to follow when checking for cracks in the walls:
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Visual Inspection:
Start by visually inspecting the walls both from a distance and up close. Look for any visible cracks, whether they are vertical, horizontal, diagonal or jagged.
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Measure the Width:
Use a tape measure to accurately measure the width of any cracks that you find. This will help determine if the cracks are normal settling or if they are indicative of subsidence. Typically, cracks less than 3mm in width are considered to be normal, whereas wider cracks may be a cause for concern.
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Monitor the Cracks:
It’s important to monitor any cracks you find over a period of time (typically 3-6 months) to see if they are getting wider or longer. If they are staying relatively stable, it is less likely to be subsidence. However, if the cracks are growing, it’s vital to seek professional advice.
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Check for Alignment:
Look closely at the cracks and check if they are aligned with other cracks in the house. Subsidence-related cracks often appear in a “stepped” pattern across walls, floors, and ceilings. This alignment is an important clue that subsidence may be present.
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Observe Other Signs:
In addition to cracks, there may be other signs both inside and outside the property that indicate subsidence. These can include doors and windows becoming difficult to open or close properly and rippling or uneven wallpaper.
If you find any concerning cracks or signs of subsidence, it’s recommended to consult a qualified professional such as a structural engineer or a specialist surveyor who can assess the situation and provide necessary advice or solutions.
Monitoring changes in doors and windows
One of the key signs of subsidence is when doors and windows become difficult to open or close. This is due to the shifting of the foundation and the settlement of the ground. Monitoring these changes in doors and windows can help identify potential subsidence issues early on.
Start by checking if any gaps or cracks have developed around the frame of your doors and windows. These gaps may indicate that the structure has shifted. Use a straight-edge tool, such as a ruler or a level, to measure the gaps and cracks. If you notice an increase in the size of these gaps over time, it could be a sign of ongoing subsidence.
Furthermore, pay attention to any sticking or rubbing motions when you try to open or close your doors and windows. If you find that it takes more effort to move them, or if they suddenly no longer fit properly, it could be a result of subsidence. This shifting can cause the frames to become misaligned, preventing smooth movement.
Regularly inspect the alignment of doors and windows in your property. Take note of any changes in the functioning or appearance of these fixtures. Document and photograph any significant shifts or movements that occur over time, especially if they worsen.
By consistently monitoring changes in doors and windows, you can proactively address any subsidence issues before they cause more extensive damage to your property. If you notice any concerning signs, it is important to consult a professional and get a thorough assessment of your property’s foundation.
Inspecting the condition of the foundation
When checking for subsidence, one of the first areas to inspect is the condition of the foundation. The foundation of a building plays a crucial role in providing stability and support, so it is important to analyze its condition thoroughly. Here are some steps you can take to assess the foundation:
1. Visual inspection: Start by visually inspecting the foundation for any visible cracks, bulges, or signs of movement. Look for vertical cracks wider than a few millimeters or any horizontal cracks, as these can be indicators of subsidence.
2. Measurements: Use a measuring tape to take measurements of cracks or separations in the foundation. Keep a record of these measurements to monitor any changes over time.
3. Sagging or sloping floors: Check the floors of the building for any sagging or sloping. Uneven floors can be a sign of foundation issues.
4. Doors and windows: Inspect the doors and windows for any signs of sticking or misalignment. If doors or windows tend to stick or have gaps that were not there before, it could indicate foundation movement.
5. Moisture: Look for any signs of moisture or water damage around the foundation. Wet soil or pooling water near the foundation can cause instability.
6. Professional inspection: If you notice any signs of subsidence or have concerns about the condition of the foundation, it is advisable to hire a professional engineer or a qualified surveyor to conduct a thorough inspection and provide expert advice.
Remember, early detection is key when it comes to addressing subsidence issues. Regular inspections and monitoring of the foundation can help to identify any problems before they worsen and become more costly to repair.
Employing a qualified structural engineer
When it comes to checking for subsidence in your property, it is crucial to enlist the expertise of a qualified structural engineer. Hiring a professional with extensive knowledge and experience in identifying and resolving subsidence issues can save you time, money, and unnecessary stress in the long run.
Why hire a structural engineer?
A structural engineer specializes in assessing the structural integrity of buildings and determining if any issues, such as subsidence, are present. They have the skills and expertise to analyze the visible signs of subsidence, such as cracks in walls or floors, uneven doors or windows, and leaning structures.
By hiring a qualified structural engineer, you can expect a thorough inspection of your property to identify the cause and extent of subsidence. They will assess all relevant factors, including the type of soil, nearby trees, and drainage systems, to help determine the underlying cause of subsidence and recommend appropriate remedial actions.
How to find a qualified structural engineer
There are several ways to find a qualified and reputable structural engineer:
- Seek recommendations from friends, family, or neighbors who have used the services of a structural engineer before.
- Contact local architectural firms or construction companies and ask for recommendations.
- Use online directories or professional associations, such as the Institution of Structural Engineers, to find registered structural engineers in your area.
Once you have a shortlist of potential candidates, it is important to vet each one thoroughly. Check their credentials, experience, and any customer reviews or testimonials available. It is also a good idea to inquire about their fees and obtain a written quote or estimate before making a final decision.
Remember, hiring a qualified structural engineer is an investment in protecting your property and ensuring your safety. Take the time to find a professional you trust and feel confident in their ability to identify and analyze subsidence issues.
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