Best Sander For Smoothing Wood
When it comes to woodworking projects, achieving a smooth finish on wood surfaces is crucial. Whether you’re refinishing old furniture or working on a new project, having the right sander can make all the difference. There are many sanders on the market, but finding the best one for smoothing wood can be a challenging task.
One of the top choices for smoothing wood is a random orbital sander. This versatile tool is known for its ability to remove material quickly and efficiently, while also leaving a smooth, swirl-free finish. Random orbital sanders use a round sanding disk that moves in an elliptical pattern, reducing the risk of scratches and swirl marks on the wood surface.
Another option to consider is a belt sander. Belt sanders are designed to tackle larger surface areas and rougher wood surfaces. They feature a continuous loop of sandpaper that moves in a linear motion, allowing for more aggressive material removal. However, belt sanders can be more difficult to control and may leave visible sanding marks if not used properly.
If you’re looking for a more precise and controlled sanding experience, a detail sander might be the best choice for you. Detail sanders, also known as mouse sanders, are small and lightweight, making them ideal for working in tight spaces or intricate details. They feature a triangular sanding pad that easily reaches corners and crevices. While detail sanders excel at finer sanding tasks, they may take longer to remove larger amounts of material.
What to Consider When Choosing the Best Sander for Smoothing Wood
When selecting a sander for smoothing wood, there are several important factors to consider. These factors will help ensure that you choose the best sander for your specific needs and achieve the desired results.
Sanding Power: One of the first things to consider is the power of the sander. Different sanders have different levels of power, indicated by their amp rating or wattage. Higher powered sanders are generally better for larger projects or for dealing with harder wood surfaces.
Sanding Speed: The speed at which the sander operates is also an important consideration. Sanders with variable speed settings allow you to adjust the speed to match the specific task at hand. This versatility is particularly useful when working with different types of wood or when needing to achieve a particular finish.
Sanding Disc Size: The size of the sanding disc is another factor to consider. Larger sanding discs cover a larger surface area, making them more efficient for larger projects. However, smaller sanding discs are more maneuverable and can access tighter spaces and corners.
Dust Collection: A sander with effective dust collection capabilities is highly recommended. Sanding wood produces a significant amount of dust, which can be hazardous to your health and can also affect the quality of your work. Look for a sander with a built-in dust collection system or one that is compatible with a dust extraction system.
Comfort and Ergonomics: Finally, consider the comfort and ergonomics of the sander. Look for a sander with a comfortable grip and a design that is easy to handle. This will make it easier to use the sander for extended periods of time and help prevent fatigue and discomfort.
By considering these factors, you can choose the best sander for smoothing wood that meets your specific needs and ensures an efficient and high-quality sanding experience.
Type of Sander
In order to achieve smooth and flawless wood surfaces, it is essential to choose the right type of sander. There are several different types of sanders available, each with its own unique features and advantages.
One common type of sander is the belt sander, which utilizes a continuous loop of sandpaper wrapped around two rollers. Belt sanders are known for their high-speed sanding abilities and are often used for large, flat surfaces. They can quickly remove material and are suitable for heavy-duty projects.
Another popular type of sander is the orbital sander, which uses a circular or rectangular sanding pad that moves in a random orbit. This motion helps prevent circular marks on the wood surface, making it ideal for finishing work. Orbital sanders are versatile and can be used for various applications, from rough sanding to fine finishing.
A detail sander, also known as a corner sander, is designed to reach tight spaces and corners that other sanders may struggle to access. It typically comes with various attachments for different applications. Detail sanders are perfect for intricate woodworking projects where precision is crucial.
Other types of sanders include disc sanders, spindle sanders, and random orbital sanders. Disc sanders have circular sanding discs that spin on a vertical axis, making them suitable for shaping wood. Spindle sanders, on the other hand, have a vertical sanding drum that moves up and down, making them ideal for smoothing curves and round edges. Random orbital sanders combine the sanding action of both orbital and rotary sanders, providing a swirl-free finish.
When choosing a sander, it is essential to consider the specific needs of your project and match them with the features and capabilities of each type of sander. Whether you require aggressive material removal or fine finishing, there is a sander available to meet your needs and provide you with smooth and professional results.
Power and Speed
When it comes to sanding wood, having a sander with sufficient power and speed is essential for achieving a smooth and flawless finish. Power refers to the motor’s ability to drive the sanding pad, while speed refers to the number of oscillations or rotations per minute.
A powerful sander ensures that the sanding pad maintains a consistent speed even under heavy pressure or when tackling tough wood surfaces. This allows for efficient and effective sanding, as the sander is able to remove material quickly and effortlessly. Whether you are working on a small DIY project or a larger woodworking task, a powerful sander will save you time and energy.
On the other hand, speed plays a crucial role in determining the quality of the sanding. A sander with higher oscillations or rotations per minute can quickly smooth out imperfections and reach into tight corners and edges. This is especially important when working with intricate woodwork or when achieving a fine finish is of utmost importance.
When choosing the best sander for smoothing wood, considering both power and speed is essential. A balance between the two will ensure optimal performance and better end results. It is important to look for a sander that offers a powerful motor and adjustable speed settings, allowing you to tailor the sanding process to the specific requirements of your project.
Sanding Discs or Belts
When it comes to smoothing wood, one of the key tools you will need is a sander. The two most common types of sanders are ones that use sanding discs and ones that use sanding belts. Each of these options has its own advantages and can be used for different purposes.
Sanding discs are circular sheets of sandpaper that are attached to the base of the sander. These discs come in various grits, allowing you to choose the level of coarseness that is appropriate for your project. Sanding discs are typically more effective for detail work and getting into hard-to-reach areas. They are also great for smoothing smaller surfaces or working on curved edges. However, sanding discs may wear out more quickly than sanding belts and may require more frequent replacements.
Sanding belts, on the other hand, are long strips of sandpaper that are wrapped around a drum or pulley on the sander. Sanding belts are often more durable and can handle larger surface areas more efficiently. They are ideal for removing larger amounts of material and leveling rough surfaces. Sanding belts can be more aggressive and may achieve a smoother finish more quickly. However, they may be less effective for detailed work and can be more challenging to use on corners and curved surfaces.
Ultimately, the choice between sanding discs or belts depends on the specific requirements of your project. If you need to smooth intricate details or work on smaller surfaces, sanding discs may be the better option. If you are dealing with larger areas or need to remove a significant amount of material, sanding belts may be more suitable. It is also worth considering personal preference and comfort, as some individuals may find one type of sander more comfortable to use than the other.
Dust Collection System
When it comes to woodworking and sanding, one of the most important factors to consider is dust collection. Sanding wood creates a lot of dust, which can be harmful to your health if inhaled over time. Additionally, dust can create a mess in your workspace and make it difficult to see your work surface.
A dust collection system is an essential tool for any woodworker. It is designed to capture and collect dust particles as they are created during the sanding process. The system typically includes a vacuum or dust collector, a hose, and a dust collection bag or canister. As you sand the wood, the system will collect the dust, preventing it from becoming airborne and spreading throughout your workshop.
- Efficiency: A good dust collection system will effectively remove the majority of dust particles created during the sanding process. This will not only help to keep your workspace clean, but it will also protect your health by reducing the amount of dust you breathe in.
- Convenience: With a dust collection system in place, you won’t have to constantly stop and clean up the dust as you work. The system will collect it for you, making the sanding process more efficient and allowing you to focus on the task at hand.
- Safety: In addition to protecting your health, a dust collection system can also improve safety in your workshop. Dust can be flammable, and collecting it as it is created can help to prevent a fire hazard.
Overall, a dust collection system is an essential tool for any woodworker who wants to create a clean, safe, and efficient workspace. It will help to protect your health, improve visibility, and keep your work area tidy. Investing in a quality dust collection system is a wise decision that will benefit you in the long run.
Ergonomics
When it comes to choosing the best sander for smoothing wood, it is important to consider the ergonomics of the tool. Ergonomics refers to the design of a tool or equipment that ensures maximum comfort and efficiency for the user. A well-designed sander can help reduce physical strain and fatigue, allowing for longer periods of use without discomfort.
One important factor to consider in terms of ergonomics is the weight and size of the sander. A lighter and more compact sander can be easier to maneuver and control, reducing the strain on the user’s hands and arms. Additionally, a sander with a comfortable grip and well-balanced weight distribution can further enhance ergonomics and reduce the risk of hand and arm fatigue.
Another aspect of ergonomics to consider is the vibration level of the sander. Excessive vibration can cause numbness, tingling, and fatigue in the hands and arms. Therefore, it is important to choose a sander that has effective vibration reduction technology to minimize these effects.
Overall, selecting a sander with good ergonomics is essential for a smoother and more comfortable wood sanding experience. It is worth investing in a tool that prioritizes user comfort and reduces physical strain to ensure the best results and minimize the risk of injuries or discomfort.
Price and Brand Reputation
The final consideration when choosing the best sander for smoothing wood is the price and brand reputation. While it is important to consider your budget, it is equally important to invest in a high-quality sander from a reputable brand.
When it comes to price, there are a wide range of options available, from budget-friendly sanders to more expensive professional-grade models. It’s important to find a balance between price and quality, ensuring that you’re getting a sander that is both affordable and durable.
Brand reputation is another important factor to consider. Reputable brands have a history of producing high-quality tools that are reliable and perform well. They also often provide good customer support, warranty coverage, and replacement parts. Some top brands in the sander market include Makita, Bosch, DeWalt, and Black & Decker.
To determine the best sander for your needs, it is recommended to read customer reviews and ratings to get an idea of the overall satisfaction and experiences of other users. This can help you gauge the performance, durability, and value for money of a particular sander model.
- Consider your budget and find a balance between price and quality.
- Choose a sander from a reputable brand with a history of producing high-quality tools.
- Read customer reviews and ratings to gather insights from other users.
By considering the price and brand reputation, you can ensure that you’re making a wise investment in a sander that will effectively smooth wood and withstand the test of time.
10 Best Sander For Smoothing Wood
BLACK+DECKER 55 W Detail Mouse Electric Sander with 6 Sanding Sheets, BEW230-GB
£20.00
2 used from £18.80
Features
- Ready to use with 6 additional sanding Sheets
- Ideal for many DIY projects including sanding bare wood and removing paint and rust
- Lightweight and comfortable to use ensuring fatigue free sanding
- Dust extraction port connects to a vacuum for a cleaner work area
- Hook and loop pad ensures quick and easy sandpaper replacement
Vastar Mouse Sander, 130W 14000RPM Detail Sander with Dust Collector, Sander for Wood with 24 Pcs Sandpaper, Electric Sander Tool for Sanding Smoothing Dressing Polishing Varnishing Blemishes, Gifts
Features
- ✔【24 sheets of sandpaper】Hand sander set contains 24 sheets of sandpaper (4Pcs*40#, 4Pcs*60#, 4Pcs*80#, 4Pcs*120#, 4Pcs*150#, 4Pcs*240#), which can be used for different purposes according to your needs. The hook and loop design allows for easy and quick sandpaper changes.Tip: Please clean the bottom plate with a brush to clean the dust of wood chips goods in the gap before changing the sandpaper
- ✔【130W &14000 RPM】Vastar electric sander is driven by a built-in high-efficiency pure copper motor and runs at the speed of 14000 cycles per minute for efficient grinding. The diameter of the working pendulum is 1.5 mm, which can produce a larger sanding area, realize fine sanding and quickly complete all kinds of work.
- ✔【Efficient dust collection】The sander can be directly connected to a 35-port hoover without adding a hoover adaptor, which is convenient and handy. The base is designed with a PU burr base and multi-hole bits for powerful dust extraction and conveying wood chips to the dust bag box, keeping a clean working environment and saying goodbye to double work. For long term use, please empty the dust in the dust bag regularly.
- ✔【Ergonomic Design】The ergonomic design and soft rubber handle can reduce the fatigue caused by the vibration of the palm sander, compact, anti-skid and comfortable grip.Base size: 140 × 140 × 80 mm, since its size and mouse head design, it can easily reach narrow spaces, complete edges, corners and other inaccessible spaces, and provide smooth performance in various grinding applications.
- ✔【Wide Application】Low vibration and noise, stable center of gravity. Fast heat dissipation, can be used for a long time. All of these are for you to have a wonderful working experience. The detail sanders can be used for wood, home decoration, DIY, such as polishing, smoothing, trimming, removing paint, stains and blemishes, etc.
Orbital Sander, HYCHIKA 300W 13000RPM Random Orbital Sander, 6 Variable Speeds, 125mm 12Pcs Sandpapers, Electric Sander with Dust Collection Ideal for Sanding, Polishing Wood, DIY, Home Improvements
Features
- 【6 Speed Control &Powerful Motor】 This orbital sander with a 300W Pure copper motor provides 6 variable speed control dial (6000 - 13000RPM), allows you to match the sanding speed to the workpiece. Suitable for ideal sanding machine for wood, furniture, metal and auto body, etc.
- 【Efficient Dust Collection】 The sander for wood upgrade the dust collection box to a dust collection bag, with larger dust collection capacity, easy to install and disassemble, 8-hole dust suction bottom plate, keep the machine clean
- 【Vibration and noise reduction】The ergonomic double-sided non-slip soft rubber handle,fits the palm of the hand without slipping, which can minimize hand fatigue and the amount of vibration that reaches the hand,Low noise.Reduce fatigue caused by long-term work.
- 【Complete accessories】Provide 12 PCS 125mm sanding papers (4pcs 80 grit, 4pcs 120 grit and 4pc 240)grit sanding discs with random orbital sander can meet different sanding needs. Hook-and-loop disc attachment design allows you to make fast and easy disc changes.
- 【WHAT YOU GET】 1 * HYCHIKA Random Orbital Sander, 4 * 80 Grits Sandpapers, 4 * 120 Grits Sandpapers, 4 * 240 Grits Sandpapers, 1 * User Manual.24 hours customer service
Sander for Wood 200W, 14000RPM Electric Sander with Dust Collector,20 Pcs Sandpapers + 20 Finger Sandpapers, Hand Sanders Tool for Sanding Smoothing Dressing Polishing Varnishing Blemishes, Gifts
Features
- 【200W & 14000 RPM】The mouse sander is driven by a built-in high-efficiency pure copper motor, operating at a speed of 14,000 rotations per minute, enabling efficient polishing. With a working oscillation diameter of 1.5 millimeters, it covers a larger sanding area, allowing for precise and quick completion of various tasks.
- 【20 Sandpapers and 20 Detachable Finger Sandpapers】The electric sander includes 20 sandpapers (5 pieces of 60#, 5 pieces of 80#, 5 pieces of 120#, 5 pieces of 240#) and 20 detachable finger sandpapers. They can be used for different purposes according to your needs, ensuring long Electric Mouse Sander lifespan and meeting your requirements for removing paint from wood, metal, or plastic in different hard-to-reach corners and areas. Pro tip: Before replacing the sandpaper, please clean the baseboard with a brush to remove sawdust and debris from the gaps.
- 【Efficient Dust Collection】The detail sanders has strong suction power and a high dust collection rate, ensuring clean sanding work. The snap-on connection design prevents the box from detaching during operation. The base features a PU velcro base and a porous blade design, enabling powerful dust collection and directing wood chips into the dust collection bag, keeping the work environment clean and eliminating repetitive labor. For long-term use, regularly empty the dust from the dust collection bag.
- 【Ergonomic Design】The orbital sander with fully enclosed rubber handle design can effectively reduce vibration during use, relieving fatigue. The 3-meter power cord provides unrestricted mobility for your sanding work. The base size is 140 × 140 × 80 millimeters, designed to easily access narrow spaces, complete edges, corners, and other hard-to-reach areas, delivering smooth performance in various sanding applications.
- 【Wide Applications】Low vibration and noise, with stable balance. It has efficient heat dissipation and can be used for long periods. All these features contribute to a wonderful working experience. The detail sander can be used for wood, metal products, plastic products, home decoration, DIY projects such as polishing, smoothing, trimming, removing paint, stains, and defects.
Vastar Sander, 200W Electric Mouse Sander for Wood with Dust Collector, 15500RPM Wall Sander Detail Sander with 24Pcs Sander Pads, Soft Grip Handle, Suitable for Sanding, Polishing, Gift for Men Dad
5 used from £28.55
Features
- 【Efficient & Powerful】 - This Vastar electric sander is driven by a 1.7 Amp copper motor that runs up to 155,00RPM for quick and efficient sanding. 200W high power output and 1.5mm orbital diameter makes it easy for all kinds of sanding work on wood, metal, stone and more.
- 【Ergonomic Design】 - This mouse sander is lightweight and compact, convenient to take with and use. Its ergonomic rubber handle design can effectively reduce the vibration and thus to make the work easier and save hands from muscle fatigue and strain.
- 【24Pcs Sandpapers】 - Vastar detail mouse sander comes with 24pcs sandpapers (4 *40#, 4 *60#, 4 *80#, 4 *120#, 4 *150#, 4 *240#). These pads are great for removing, smoothing and finishing. Moreover, the hook and loop sander base design allows easy and quick sandpaper changes.
- 【Dust Free】 - This hand sander is designed with a dust cleaning system with which it can easily vacuum most dust to the collection box. Besides, this detail sander can be connected to vacuum cleaners with a 35mm port, which ensures you a dust free environment.
- 【Easy To Use】 - The detail sander with dust collector is designed with a hook & loop base for a quick change of sandpapers. The mini sander can be used for wood, home decoration, DIY, such as polishing, smoothing, trimming, removing paint, stains and blemishes, etc.
Sander for Wood 200W, HYCHIKA Electric Sander with Dust Collector, 12PCS Sandpapers(140 * 140 * 100mm), 14000RPM Compact Electric Detail Sander Ideal for Tight Space Sanding, Furniture Finishing
£29.98
Features
- 【200W Powerful Motor】The electric sander is with 200W powerful motor, delivering a speed of 14000RPM. Sander for wood, suitable for details and tight spaces, corners and all-around project of small places of metal and plastic products, paint stripping and rust removal from metal products.
- 【Efficient Dust Collection】This detail sander with built-in dust collector is equipped with high-efficiency dust collection system of 6 holes. The dust container catches a lot of debris and is easy to disassemble and install, keeping you work area clean and relatively dust-free.
- 【Hook & Loop Quick Change】The detail sander base plate design of hook-and-loop system is as quick and easy to change as Velcro. Replacing sandpapers is easy. This holds the paper securely through even tough jobs, while also making it very easy to change.
- 【Ergonomic Design】This electric sander is light weight and comfortable to grip as it is designed with a soft grip handle, which enables one hand to be used. Comes with three different grades of sandpapers (140*140*80mm) to meet your different sanding needs.
- 【What You Get】1*HYCHIKA Sander for Wood with Dust Collector, 4*P80 Sandpapers, 4*P120 Sandpapers, 4*P240 Sandpapers, 1*User Manual, 1*Warranty Card
DEKOPRO Random Orbit Sander 2.5A with 16Pcs Sandpapers, 6 Variable Speed 14000RPM Electric Sander, 5 Inches Hand Sander Tool, High Performance Dust Collection System, Fit for Woodworking/Sanding
Features
- 【Powerful Operating System & 6 Various Speed】Our random orbit sander has 6 various speed,the speed dial allows you to increase or decrease the speed from 7,000-14,000 orbits per minute to different applications and materials.More comfortable rubber grip design, which can reduce hand fatigue. Low vibration and noise can help you concentrate on your work.
- 【16 Pcs Sandpapers & Magic Tape】Our hand sander equipped with 5-inch 16 pcs , included 3 pcs 60 mesh, 1 pcs 80 mesh, 3 pcs 120 mesh,3 pcs 240 mesh, 3 pcs 400 mesh and 3 pcs 1000 mesh sandpapers.It can meet your different applications of sanding, smoothing out wood, removing paint, varnish, polish, stains, blemishes, polishing, etc. With Hook and loop(magic tape) sanding pad design and it is easier to replace sandpaper.
- 【Pad brake】 These sanders are equipped with a pad brake that prevents over-speeding of the pad. If the tool is lifted off the work surface while the motor is running, the brake will limit pad rotation to no more than 500 OPM.The plastic pad brake is used to provide the braking action.
- 【Transparant Detachable Dust Bag】 The dust bag adopts a unique transparent design and it is easy to disassemble and install,which is convenient for you to pay attention to dust at any time when sanding and clean it in time to effectively avoid dust clogging.The dust container has a a micro-filter dust canister, it optimizes dust collection by 8 vacuum holes extracting dust and built-in vacuum port adapter is engineered for improved dust collection efficiency.
- 【What you get】1*DEKOPRO Random Orbit Sander; 16*Sandpapers(3 pcs 60 mesh, 1 pcs 80 mesh, 3 pcs 120 mesh,3 pcs 240 mesh, 3 pcs 400 mesh and 3 pcs 1000 mesh); 1*Dust Collector; 1 * User Manual; 24 months Warranty and Best Customer Service.
KATSU Electric Detail Sander 100W Detail Mouse Electric Sander for Wood with Dust Extraction Port and 10 PCs Sanding Pads, for Home Decoration Furniture Finishing (Budget)
Features
- Compact design gets you closer to the work surface and greater control.
- Hoop & loop self-adhesive triangular shape sanding pad for the narrow corners.
- Dust extraction port connects to a vacuum cleaner or dust extraction system.
- Ideal for confined spaces and hard-to-reach corners.
- Comes with 10 sanding papers (#80 and #120).
BLACK+DECKER 230 V Finishing Sander Power Tool 1/3 Sheet with 2mm Orbit Diameter, BEW220-GB
£24.93
Features
- Powered with 150W motor that delivers no load speed of 0 – 11000 rpm
- Compact and lightweight with 2 2 Grip positions, ensuring ease of use, firm grip and control during the applications
- Orbit diameter OD 2 mm to remove the coating quicker
- Ideal for a variety of sanding tasks including removing surface coatings or smoothing larger flat areas
- 1 Sanding sheet included
Bosch Home and Garden Random Orbit Sander PEX 220 A (220 W, in carton packaging)
£44.00
7 used from £35.64
Features
- A random orbit sander with its powerful 220 W motor for high performance
- Sanding plate with velcro-type fastening, sound power level 80 dB(A), uncertainty K= 3 dB
- Bosch micro-filter system;sanding pad diameter: 125 mm; orbital stroke rate: 24.000 opm
- Softgrip for comfortable handling; Lightweight and compact design; Ideal for sanding and polishing flat or curved surfaces
- The built-in dust extraction element collects dust directly at the workpiece
FAQ:
What role does price play in brand reputation?
Price can have a significant impact on brand reputation. If a brand consistently offers products or services at a high price, it may be seen as exclusive and of high quality, leading to a positive reputation. On the other hand, if a brand consistently offers products or services at a low price, it may be perceived as cheap or low quality, which can negatively affect its reputation.
Can a brand with a high price have a bad reputation?
Yes, a brand with a high price can still have a bad reputation. If consumers feel that the high price is not justified by the quality or value of the products or services, it can lead to negative perceptions and a damaged reputation. Transparency and delivering on promises are key factors in maintaining a positive reputation, regardless of price.
How does brand reputation influence pricing?
Brand reputation can influence pricing in various ways. A brand with a strong positive reputation may be able to command higher prices for its products or services, as consumers may be willing to pay more for the perceived quality and value. On the other hand, a brand with a negative reputation may have to lower its prices to attract customers or regain trust. Ultimately, a brand’s reputation can impact its pricing strategies and consumer perceptions of value.
Can a brand’s price affect its overall reputation?
Yes, a brand’s price can affect its overall reputation. A brand that consistently offers products or services at a fair price can build trust and a positive reputation among consumers. On the other hand, if a brand’s prices are seen as overly inflated or too low, it can raise suspicions and negatively impact its reputation. Finding the right balance between price and perceived value is crucial for maintaining a positive brand reputation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is evident that price plays a significant role in consumer purchasing decisions, but brand reputation is equally important. While some consumers may prioritize finding the best deal, many also value the trust and reliability that comes with a well-established brand. Brand reputation can assure customers of quality and customer support, helping to create long-term customer loyalty. However, there are also instances where consumers are willing to pay a premium for a brand name, regardless of the actual quality of the product. Therefore, businesses should carefully consider both price and brand reputation when developing their marketing strategies to effectively appeal to a wide range of consumers. By finding the right balance between price and brand reputation, companies can position themselves competitively in the market and build lasting relationships with their customers.
Harrison Clayton
Meet Harrison Clayton, a distinguished author and home remodeling enthusiast whose expertise in the realm of renovation is second to none. With a passion for transforming houses into inviting homes, Harrison's writing at https://thehuts-eastbourne.co.uk/ brings a breath of fresh inspiration to the world of home improvement. Whether you're looking to revamp a small corner of your abode or embark on a complete home transformation, Harrison's articles provide the essential expertise and creative flair to turn your visions into reality. So, dive into the captivating world of home remodeling with Harrison Clayton and unlock the full potential of your living space with every word he writes.
